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As small tank locomotives for simple lines, 293 locomotives of this type were manufactured at Kisha-Seizo, Kawasaki, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and Nippon Sharyo from 1932 to 1947.
Additionally, 7 more were manufactured for the Railway of the Governor-General of Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period from 1936 to 1942 (same name C12 class, Afrer Pusific war renamed TRA CK120 class), and 29 for some private railways by Kisha-Seizo Train Manufacturing, Hitachi, and Nippon Sharyo from 1936 to 1952.
During the Pacific War, 60 were exported to China from the national railway and 2 of them to Java for transport of materials in occupied territories.
The gauges of the locomotives sent to China were changed to 1000 mm and were used as type Pre-A on the lines of the North China Transportation Company.
After the Pacific War and the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed to type PL51, but it disappeared as of 1955, and it is believed to have been sent to Vietnam.
And it was used until the 2000s in Vietnam.
In Java, it was used as type C32 of the Indonesian National Railways until the 1970s.
They were used for passenger and freight on local rails all over Japan until 1973.
Moka Railways and the Taiwan Railway Administration are each preserving 1 dynamically (refers to locomotives that have been preserved in a ready-to-operate state, and/or are still running today), Wakasa Railways is preserving 1 dynamically by compressed air, and 29 others are preserved statically (refers to locomotives that are preserved in a way that does not allow them to be immediately operated, and/or that are simply on display) in Japan.
In addition, there’s 1 preserved in Vietnam at Đa Lạt station.
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